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From “ all in one ” solutions, to ultra-high end separates, to home built hi-fi. The Pro-Ject Tube Box S is an entry-level tube phono preamp with a pair of graded ECC83 (12AX7A) tubes.ĭuring my research, I was surprised at how many turntable choices there were.

For the purpose of this article, the separate component route was chosen. If interested, a good place to start is: HERE. I was going to write in-depth about RIAA equalization in software, but after some investigation, this would require an article onto itself.

For example, Audacity has several RIAA equalization variations to choose from: Most digital audio recording and editing software will have software plugins for RIAA equalization curves. Vinyl enthusiasts restoring records from the 1940’s, for example, would benefit from such flexibility. This allows for the greatest flexibility as there are hundreds of variations of the RIAA equalization curve over decades of record production. The RIAA equalization curve can also be implemented in software. For DIY, there are several circuits, designs, and modules to choose from. Another approach, typically used by audiophiles, is to use a separate, dedicated phono preamp. For example, a preamplifier, integrated amp, receiver, etc., may have phono inputs built in, as is the RIAA equalization. The point is that RIAA equalization must be applied at playback, but can be implemented in different ways. When this record was cut, the reverse of the curve below was applied (pre-emphasis), and when played back, the equalization curve below (de-emphasis) is applied.

The purposes of the equalization are to permit greater recording times, improve sound quality, and to reduce the groove damage that would otherwise arise during playback. The phono preamp is used to amplify the low level cartridge signal to line level and apply the RIAA equalization curve. A turntable, tonearm, cartridge, and phono preamplifier.